Essay on Existentialism in Unknown Places - 1409 Words

Existentialism in Unknown Places Existentialism is the epitome of the unknown. There is no straightforward explanation of what exactly it is, there is only certain characteristics and behaviors that describe existentialist views. Throughout today’s world, there are examples of it everywhere, it’s found in movies, books, songs, and just people in general. Existentialists are known to think and do for themselves only. They believe that to understand what it means to be human requires understanding of themselves first. Some very well known pieces of entertainment existentialism is found in are: Hamlet by William Shakespeare, The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Stranger by Albert Camus,†¦show more content†¦Although many may breeze right through these pieces unaware of existentialist characteristics, there are examples everywhere. Three easy characteristics such as absurdism, choice and commitment, a nd alienation and estrangement can be very quickly found after analyzing. Having no answer as to why things happen is quite absurd. Existentialist views on this grotesque theme lead them to direct conflict with the universe. Many absolutely absurd events happen in these works of entertainment. For example, in The Metamorphosis, Gregor is turned into a bug. When he wakes up and realizes this strange happening, he isn’t concerned at fixing it at all; he just wants to figure out how to adapt to living this way. For instance, while he is struggling to get out of bed he expresses his feeling of just moving on and coping with what he has become, â€Å"Before it strikes a quarter past seven, I must be completely out of bed without fail† (Kafka 8). This absurd characteristic of ignoring how bad the situation is and just moving on is also shown in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. The woman in this short story is driven absolutely crazy by the complexity of the wallpaper in her room. She sees other women trapped inside of it at certain times of the day and becomes determined to set them free. She even goes as far as saying that she can smell the yellow coming off of the wallpaper (Gilman 7). As both of these previous examples have showcased more of theShow MoreRelatedExistentialism : The Novel Fight Club 985 Words   |  4 Pages By the definition of existentialism, it is the theory that one gives an action a value by the virtue of choosing said action to begin with. It is an approach that emphasizes any existence of an individual that is â€Å"condemned to be free† (McCutcheon, p. 91) and are therefore agents who have no other choice but to be accountable for those actions in which they produce. In a way, it is as if existentialism is contrary to essentialism. The idea that existence precedes essence manifests itself in theRead MoreExistentialism And The Existentialist Ideas Behind Existentialism1186 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Existentialism is a theory of philosophy that stepped away from ideas that there is any single unifying reality or reason to existence and that we should approach philosophy from a perspective of what we can perceive to be true, not what we think is true without being able to perceive it. In that mind set, it tries to examine what a person’s perception of reality can be, their place is in that reality, how they approach their own existence given that information, and how, based on thoseRead MoreThe Meaning of Life for a Buddhist1056 Words   |  4 Pagesthey are going to a place of nirvana. Others believe in a reincarnation of people and that every life lived is one previously lived by someone before you. Or that moving on after death is just passing you to another vessel to live in and the soul is eternal. Is the need for an afterlife so necessary that it can be used to alter life before the person is passed. Or is it just a comforting feeling to know that the people that y ou love are in a safe place and that there is a place for you after you dieRead MoreSamuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot1696 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Godot a sense of purpose. Godot is an omnipresent character that helps to give meaning and function to the lives of two homeless men. The main characters in Waiting for Godot are dependant upon each other for reassurance of their existence. Existentialism is defined as being grounded in existence or being able to affirm existence. Vladimir and Estragon are able to confirm their existence in the world is by the constant need to remind each other of what is happening. Estragon forgets every day whatRead MoreWaiting for Godot Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesa sense of purpose. Godot is an omnipresent character that helps to give meaning and function to the lives of two homeless men. The main characters in Waiting for Godot are dependent upon each other for reassurance of their existence. Existentialism is defined as being grounded in existence or being able to affirm existence. Vladimir and Estragon are able to confirm their existence in the world is by the constant need to remind each other of what is happening. Estragon forgets every dayRead More Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot: Existentialism and The Theatre of the Absurd2530 Words   |  11 Pages and it is this key idea that led to a specific philosophical concept in the 19th century, existentialism. This philosophy can clearly be seen in everyday life as well as in theatrical movements in the past and present. By examining the works of Samuel Beckett, evidence of existential thinking will be brought forward proving the progress of this philosophical movement. It will illustrate how existentialism has influenced Beckett, especially through his play, Waiting for Godot. The Theatre ofRead More Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot - God Isnt Coming Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesExistentialist movement, which grew out and of WWII experiences of not only Beckett, but all the other great Existentialists, Camus, Sartre, and Ianesco. It also developed using the writings of Hegal, Schopenhaur, and Nitchze. The main philosophy of Existentialism can be summed up in one statement - How can one reconcile ones existence with a world devoid of order, norms, or divine guidance. Thus, there is an implied aspect of religion and the questioning there of in any Existential piece, as this isRead MoreExistentialism In Rick And Morty1409 Words   |  6 Pagesthey wish in that to advance his personal knowledge, experiments, travel on different adventures through space and an infinite number of universes which that keep him living his life. The Show Rick and Morty has certain themes relating to existentialism known as â€Å"Absurdism.† The belief that human beings exist in a meaningful and world with purpose. In this show the creators Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon explore how the show is a meaningless multi dimensional adventure. Rick is a man of scienceRead MoreFriedrich Nietzsche: One of the Greatest Thinkers of All Time1613 Words   |  7 Pagescalled The Will to Power. Some do not regard this publication as authentic Nietzsche thought, but some ideas in it, including his view of power, appear in other authentic publications. Whether he died of syphilis, an inherited insanity, or another unknown cause, there is little debate that his lifetime accomplishments set the stage for a long list of influential thinkers and events including WWII. Nietzsches doctrine of mans â€Å"will to power† was very well studied during his lifetime and especiallyRead MoreNative Son By Richard Wright1627 Words   |  7 PagesRichard Wright, wrote the fictional novel Native Son, using three intellectual forces, which include: Naturalism, Existentialism, and Communism. He uses these forces, along with racist ideology, to shape the life of a young black male, Bigger, living in the ‘Black Belt’ of Chicago in the 1940’s. Wright refers to the ‘Black Belt,’ as a ‘black world’ where violence is directed towards other American Americans, and warns that this violence will be aimed at white people. Bigger, is used to depict the

Pedagogy Of The Oppressed By Paulo Freire - 1215 Words

How do we sum up what education is? Is it just the practice of memorization, or is it something we obtain through experience? Paulo Freire does a good job analyzing education in chapter 2 of â€Å"Pedagogy of the Oppressed†. He reveals that there are two main types of education (banking education and problem-posing education) and shows how they contradict each other. By first giving a description of how both styles work, by showing how each one mirrors society, and then by showing the contradictions, Freire is able to effectively convey his thesis, which is that true knowledge only happens when one becomes conscious of reality. Freire first starts off by talking about the â€Å"banking† style of education. He describes this as â€Å"Education thus becomes an act of depositing, in which the students are the depositories and the teacher is the depositor† (1). It is easy to see that this is the most common form of education in the public school system today. I t’s a good form of education, but Freire claims that it doesn’t promote any critical thinking. In my opinion, I believe that it does. Without the basic knowledge of memorizing what the teacher or text books tell us, how would we be able to ask the questions like how, why, etc†¦? You have to have a foundation of basic knowledge to build upon and the banking method gives you this foundation to be able to ask these questions. Freire seems to miss this connection. Instead he seems to only focus on all of the negatives of thisShow MoreRelatedPedagogy Of The Oppressed By Paulo Freire Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pages In the second chapter of his novel, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Paulo Freire addresses, in his opinion, the failure of the formal education system. He says â€Å"education is suffering from narration sickness† (Freire 71). Freire opposes the lecture style classes that are widespread throughout most college campuses. He believes that the tea cher-student relationship is flawed because students are merely receptacles to be filled by the teacher. He goes as far as to say this style of learning causesRead MorePedagogy Of The Oppressed By Paulo Freire930 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Pedagogy of the Oppressed,† Paulo Freire tells of the complex relationships that contrast narrative versus instructive teachers and compliant versus existentially aware students, in regards to the various methods of instructing and acquiring knowledge. Although this reading is only a particular excerpt from Chapter 2 of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Freire does an exceptional job by capturing the immense reality of certain educational methods. He explains the â€Å"banking† system of teaching, whichRead MorePedagogy Of The Oppressed By Paulo Freire946 Words   |  4 PagesPaulo Freire is definitely a major contribution to education; he was the author of a book called pedagogy of the oppressed which, is a major influence to this art icle. Freire was a man who taught education theory at the Catholic University of Sao Paulo, and also worked in adult education; he also taught throughout Europe, the united states, and Chile. In this piece of his writing, Freire focuses on the correlation between students and teachers. He talks about how this relationship is handled incorrectlyRead MorePedagogy Of The Oppressed By Paulo Freire913 Words   |  4 PagesPaulo Freire’s book Pedagogy of the Oppressed analyzes the issues of different styles and techniques of teaching. Whether it be at school, home, or by a parent education can be pushed upon you in different forms. These manners of education can treat people as objects; use forms of paternalism due to authority over someone, and restrict people from having freedom and responsibilities. One of the mechanisms Freire talks about is banking education: Education thus becomes an act of depositing, in whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Paulo Freire s Pedagogy Of The Oppressed1735 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyze the views expressed by Paulo Freire in Pedagogy of the Oppressed by using the four elements of theories of human nature. I am also going to express my opinion on Freire’s ideologies as explained in the first three chapters of his book. I will assert that Freire has provided thoughtful insight in terms of the four elements, but I will also assert that I do not fully agree with Freire’s ideas and insight then state the reasons for my opinions. My conclusion is that Freire offers valid input on whatRead MoreEducation: Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesseems that creating a just future would also necessitate the creation of many different systems of government throughout the world. If just one system existed, anyone who would not choose that system for themselves may begin to feel or ac tually be oppressed for a lack of conformity. Furthermore, some people just have such vastly different ideas of ‘just’ and ‘justice’ that they cannot be combined into one system. Thus, through a sort of dialogical education system, people can discover which system theyRead MorePaulo Freire: Pedagogue Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, many men and women have made important contributions to the world of education. Amongst these is the Brazilian scholar Paulo Freire, whose influences on the world have been both broad and deep. A true believer in Marxist theory, his central ideas regarding education revolve around the concept that the experience and learning process of education are more important than the facts or concepts that are being taught. Consequently, traditional teaching methods (known as Banking)Read MoreThe Liberal Education And Education Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagesafter an article that brought everyone to rethink about wha t is the education. Paulo Freire, author of Pedagogy of the oppressed. Freire wants everyone to have opportunities to discuss, debate and participate in the topic ad gather information as yours. Since he wanted education to be â€Å"human being†, we can consider Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed as liberal education even if he did not mention it at all. Paulo Freire realized the severity of education in early 19th century. After that, he startedRead MoreFreire, The, And Psychology Of Language1517 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Paulo Freire was born in Recife, Brazil in 1921. He became familiar with grief, suffering; poverty, and hunger during the Great Depression. His social life consisted of playing stickball or a pickup game of football with less privileged children. He learned a lot from those childhood experiences, which later contributed to his overwhelming concern for the less privileged. As a result, Freire constructed an educational viewpoint, which focused on aiding the illiterate. EducationalRead MoreCesar Freire s Pedagogy Of The Oppressed1084 Words   |  5 PagesPaulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed presents two distinct educational methods and asserts that problem-posing education, rather than the banking method, is what is necessary for humanity. This particular excerpt of Pedagogy of the Oppressed encapsulates a vast scope of education. It begins with an exposition, revealing what exactly banking method is, followed by the explanation of problem-posing education. Throughout the duration of the chapter, Freire passionately presents his ideals about

Data Encryption of WiMax Networks

Question: Describe about the Data Encryption of WiMax Networks. Answer: Wimax: Nowadays wireless technology is the most important thing in our daily life. Wifi is most common used technology in busy life. Basically, wifi is the data transmitting signal which is transmitting the radio wave instead of wire means it is wireless technology. WiMAX is similar to the wifi technology but it has the much bigger scale and faster speed. Wimax gives services to the enterprises and residential for its economic growth. For any wireless technology, security is a very important thing and it must be addressed. Encryption is the process of enciphering data or messages in such a path that only authorised persons can read it. Encryption is the secret communication services used by military and government for a long time. Nowadays it is very common services. Many company and enterprises will begin to utilise WiMAX for communicating from office to office, relative near to each other, gives campus wireless connectivity to the employee (Nuyami, 2007). Wimax is successful because it is easy to use and high speed and range relatively low cost. The intent of encryption is to secure that only the authorised person can read the data. WiMAX utilises 3DES and AES for encrypting their data transference on the network. The Triple Data Encryption standard (3DES) utilises three different keys with a length of 56 bit each. The utilisation of three keys causes for a slower execution in some software. The main encryption technology is used by WiMAX is the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). AES gives support for 128-bit, 192-bit, or 256-bit for encrypting keys (Nuaymi, 2007). AES is the very popular algorithm used for encryption. AES is faster and widely used encryption standard than 3DES.AES is very easy to use and utilises very little memory. Except all of this 3DES is the main data encryption technology in Wimax. There are two types of secret writing is used nowadays one is Symmetric or secret key cryptography and another one is asymmetric o r public cryptography. The most important for data encrypting was a symmetric algorithm which is known as Data Encryption standard. DES is 64-bit encipher which means it encrypts 64 bit of data. Data encryption enciphers and most of the major symmetric encipher are based on a encipher is known as the Feistel block encipher. It was invented by the IBMs cryptography researcher Horst Feistel in the early of 70s. Triple data encryption gives us a simple method of growing the key size of DES to protect against attacks. It uses a key bundle that constitutes the three DES keys each of 56-bit ((Labiod et al., 2006). The encryption algorithm is given below: Enciphertext = Ek3(Dk2(Ek1(plaintext))) Methodology: That means DES encrypt with k1 then decrypt with k2 ad then encrypt with k3. Each triple encryption can encrypt one block of 64 bit of data. Some diagram is given below for understanding the 3DES encryption used by WiMAX network 2. Research the security challenges for any two examples of WPAN technologies? WPAN and Security: Two examples of the WPAN technologies are Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15, these two particular technologies are used. Bluetooth is a standard which is used to enable wireless communication between mobile computers, phones and other portable devices we use in our day to day works. Bluetooth does not require a line of sight for establishing a connection between two devices which supports Bluetooth. A typical range of 10 meters is possible and with some arrangement the range could be extended to 100 meters. Specification: Bluetooth 2.4 GHz v1.1: 720 Kbps; v2.0: 10 Mbps 10 meters (30 feet) to 100 meters (300 feet) Automatic device discovery; communicates through physical barriers. Security challenges: There are different security related challenges which the Bluetooth device generally faces. Denial of service: The Bluetooth devices may face malware attacks from the hackers and intruders. They can crash or hack the devices that are connected to the Bluetooth. In 2003, Bend and Adam from A.L digital Ltd discovered some serious flaws in the security of the Bluetooth connectivity as per their research the personal data security can be compromised. MAC spoofing attack: Among all the attack the most frequent attack is the MAC spoofing attack. Attackers can perform MAC spoofing while the PIN is being generated by the Bluetooth device for connection. With the help of some specialized hardware, intruders can alter the flow of data between two devices (Saleem, Ullah, Kwak, Kwak, Sup, 2011). IEEE 802.15: IEEE 802.15 is developed by the IEEE for short-range wireless communication between devices. It has the same goal as the Bluetooth to connect two portable devices without using any cable for the connectivity between them. The 802.15 WPAN group was formed in the year 1999 as a part of local and metropolitan Area network standard committee of IEEE. The 802.15 specifications are aimed to update the Media access control and physical layer of Bluetooth (Saleem, 2011). Specification: IEEE 802.15 2.4 GHz 802.15.1: 1 Mbps 802.15.3: 20-plus Mbps 10 meters (30 feet) to 100 meters (300 feet) Uses Bluetooth as the foundation; coexistence with 802.11 devices. Security Threat: Layers DoS Attacks Defenses Physical Jamming Tampering Tamper-proof, hiding mapping, the mode change Link Collision Unfairness Exhaustion Rate limitation Network Misdirection Black holes Authorization, monitoring, redundancy Transport Flooding Authentication Reference: Nuaymi, L. (2007).WiMAX: Technology for broadband wireless access. United States: Wiley, John Sons. Labiod, H., Afifi, H., De Santis, C., Labiod, H., Hossam, A., de Santis, C. (2006).Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiMax(11th ed.). Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag New York. Saleem, S., Ullah, S., Kwak, K. S., Kwak, Sup, K. (2011). A study of IEEE 802.15.4 security framework for wireless body area networks.Sensors,11(2), 13831395. doi:10.3390/s110201383 Bluebug.The home of the trifinite.Group. Retrieved September 16, 2016, from https://trifinite.org/trifinite_stuff_bluebug.html

The Protestant Reformation Essay Research Paper AP free essay sample

The Protestant Reformation Essay, Research Paper _______________ AP European History Period 4 The Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation changed the class of European history really strongly, and quickly. This paper will speak about what precisely the reformation did to Europe, in footings of societal, political, and philosophical impacts. Before the reformation occurred, the general populace was made up of an overall praying people. They accepted all facets of the church, whether or non they personally believed in the thought or non. These facets included indulgences. What indulgences fundamentally are is a fee to the church, in exchange for the church to unclutter any wickednesss one may hold committed. Peoples could even buy indulgences for their morbid ascendants, salvaging them from any farther penalty in the hereafter. With the reformation, the overall societal beliefs changed dramatically. The populace now doubted the cogency, and truth of indulgences, and they even questioned their moral standing. The general society started believing for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on The Protestant Reformation Essay Research Paper AP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They didn? t believe everything they now heard, no affair who they heard it from. This had a major function in the development of European history from a societal point of view. The Se cond impact in European history development was political. Throughout the reformation, one spiritual group was in statement with another. The Christian religion was now being split up at a contrary gait. What one time was all Roman Catholic, was now split up in Lutheran, Calvinist, The Church of England, and besides the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic Church was now conflict with Martin Luther. Finally, the philosophical effects of the reformation besides had an impact on the development of European history. In the Protestant vision, true Christianity was based on # 8220 ; religion, grace, and Scripture, alone. # 8221 ; This is evidently rather different than the Roman Catholic belief. With the effects of the reformation, thoughts and doctrines became more unfastened, and spread out. Peoples changed their positions on the universe, and Christianity. One of the most cardinal component in the reformation was the spirit of rebellious, self-determining individuality. These three factors were the foundation of the reformation, which finally shaped the result of European history. Probably for the better, some still argue reformation could hold had some negative effects on Europe though. But whether positive or negative, I believe Europe would non be anything like what it is now, without the taking topographic point of the reformation.

Meaning Of Life Essays - Abrahamic Mythology, Bereshit,

Meaning of Life In approaching the meaning of life we have to examine the nature of meaning itself. Meaning is by definition the point, or the intended goal. Consider the point of humans and the universe as seen from monotheistic religion. If life and the universe is some sort of toy or form of entertainment for some prime mover, his point, his own entertainment, would then be the meaning of humans and the universe. Consider the goals of the deities of various cultures. Some strive for a balance between the forces of 'good' and 'evil'. This balance seems to simply be a choice of the deity, the way he thinks it ought to be. The concept of a prime mover as a source of the meaning of life is flawed, because in talking about an actual point to absolutely everything, we are simply considering the goals of a being more powerful than ourselves who has chosen one of many possible goals that humans can conceive of. This is to say that, if a god like this exists, his goal for life and the universe is not nece ssarily valid as a meaning of life, the universe, and himself. For instance, the Bible claims that the Christian deity created the universe and placed humans in it that they might be in awe of his power. If this is so, why is worship the correct response? The meaning of the universe as created by God is the entertainment of God, but what is the meaning of the larger system containing God and his creations? We could conceive of an even 'primer' mover, but that simply takes us all the way back into the wall of infinite regression. When I first read the Bible, it struck me as neutral on the idea of worship. The Bible flat out tells you that God created humans so that they would be in awe of him, which amounts to saying God created us to inflate his ego. We are to God as our pets are to ourselves, sources of unconditional love. In the book of Job, God essentially makes a gentleman's bet with Satan that Job's worship is genuine and not inspired by God's kindness. In other words, you throw a rock at my dog and I'll swing my arm so it looks I threw it, and we'll see if he still comes when I call him. In the end, Job is not simply the dog, because he questions God's throwing of the rock. God's response is consistent with his goal of inspiring awe. Even though the idea of a bet with Satan is well within Job's grasp, God claims that his purpose was inconceivable to Job. God is simply fortifying the concept that is critical to the continuance of human worship: that with inconceivable power comes incredible intelligence and unknowable purpose. The narrator of the Bible, which is supposedly God himself, speaking through humans, never directly says that he should be worshipped. This is merely the interpretation of humans, who may be created in God's image with one crucial difference, the need to worship. Perhaps then, God is after the meaning of life. Imagine a being so powerful as to be able to create and mould the universe, who, like Roman and Greek gods, is only marginally more intelligent than his creations. Perhaps God, in all his ridiculous power, cannot change himself. In order to find the meaning of his own existence he creates the human race so that we might evolve to an intelligence greater than his own, in much the same way that a computer programmer wishes to create true AI, an intelligence greater than human, which might 'evolve' within a computer. We are given the title of pet and the instinct of worship while the creator waits for a companion in the search for meaning. Of course this is wrong, or I would have been struck by a lightning bolt during that last sentence and brought to God's side. Or perhaps God is not aware of his own success yet, or perhaps I am not the first to uncover God's purpose, and my predecessor is debating meaning with God as we speak. Or perhaps I am intended to

Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay Example

Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay Example Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay In this essay I will talk about the torturing of prisoners in Abu Ghraib. I will also write about the Stanley Milgrim Experiment and the Stanford Prison Experiment. All of these relate to one of the topics we have covered this term. There is an excellent example of uniforms influencing power in the Stanford Prison experiment which took place in1971, it was lead by Prof Zimbardo1 (see footnote) in which a group of students were selected to act as prison guards and prisoners in a ‘fake’ prison. Even though the students who were selected to take part were completely aware it was a simulation, the experiment descended into chaos, the guards had started to torture the prisoners and even made the prisoners simulate sodomy on each other. The experiment was abandoned after the six days of the intended 2 weeks as it was too immoral. Perhaps the guards tortured the prisoners because of the uniforms. 30 years later, this behaviour was mirrored in a real prison at Abu Graib as I will explain. Boston Globe Article: ‘Good soldiers turn into bad eggs’, May 2004 There is another excellent example of how uniforms influence power and dehumanisation in the prison at Abu Graib. The incident at Abu Ghraib has left a black mark on America’s history but also provides an excellent subject to write about. The incident at Abu Ghraib happened from 2003-2004. The prisoners at Abu Ghraib were tortured and degraded until they managed to get information out of them, this included st ripping them naked and piling them on top of each other, putting a leash on them and pulling them around the prison and forcing them to masturbate. The people that we know did this were, Lynndie England and Charles Graner who was Lynndie’s lover â€Å"Some residents said Pte England was a model soldier who only did what she was told and must have been acting on commands from above. † This was said in a report from the BBC on the Baghdad prison, this shows that the soldiers that worked there were very closely bonded. 2 2 http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/americas/4490795. stm There is another example of how uniforms influence power is the Stanley Milgrim Experiment which. This is an example of diffusion of power, this is an example of this because the supposed ‘teacher’ keeps referring to the professor as the boss saying, ‘shall I carry on? ’ ‘I don’t want to do this’ and most of the time they do what the teacher says but some of the time they don’t, for example when the ‘student’ says that he wants to get out then they normally go. Of course the student isn’t actually receiving any shocks the responses are just pre-recorded responses so the teacher thinks that he is. youtube. com/watch? =BcvSNg0HZwk My opinions on the matter of Abu Ghraib are that it was a major flaw in judgement from Lynndie England and it was almost blinded love for her boyfriend Charlie Graner. I also think that it had to do with something from higher up in the army, for example maybe a captain that had told them to do whatever it takes and they would have taken that more literally then it was intended to be . However, I still think that this is an immoral and unethical way to treat a human being, even if they are different in skin colour and religion. With the Stanley Milgram experiment it shows that if someone sees someone else with a kind of uniform they would naturally gravitate towards them as a helping figure as they have to almost ‘earn’ their uniform and this shows that they are a good person. Also it shows that no-matter the uniform once the person getting the shock gets into a serious pain threshold then most of them stop as they cannot go all the way to seriously hurting people. Overall I think that the Abu Ghraib incident was a seriously inhumane and unethical thing to do and I think the people that committed that crime were let off to easily and that the people that had it done to them should have some sort of compensation. With the Stanley Milgrim Experiment I think it shows that most people are willing to give people pain but not lots of pain and certainly not enough to inflict serious injury on someone. With the Stamford Prison Experiment I think it was right to be pulled off early as it could of progressed to something much worse.

Franchising - marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Franchising - marketing - Essay Example property rights or inventions or special characteristics of a business owned by the other party (Franchisor) based on payment as determined by the Franchisor for supplying or marketing certain products and/or services. The Franchisor and the Franchisee can be entities or individuals†. The objective of this research is to analyze business scenario in Indonesia and how may it help a franchising business. This paper will examine food & beverages and saloon franchising business in Indonesia and will try to clarify the process and the market scenario in Indonesia. It will try to answer the question that which one of the franchise (food & beverages or saloon) would be more workable in Indonesian market. In particular, this paper will study McDonald’s food & beverages and Tony & Guy’s saloon franchising business model and their suitability to Indonesian market. McDonalds is the worlds largest chain of fast-food restaurants. Hamburgers, chicken, French fries, milkshakes and soft drinks are main items that a McDonald’s offers. More recently, it has also added salads, fruit, snack wraps, and carrot sticks to its menu. McDonalds Corporation has developed a unique franchise business model. In addition to ordinary franchise fees, supplies, and percentage of sales, McDonalds also collects rent, partially linked to sales. As a condition of the franchise agreement, the Corporation owns the properties on which most McDonalds franchises are located (www.mcdonalds.com). TONI&GUY is considered as the most powerful hairdressing brand in the world. The company is constantly evolving artistically and commercially. It offers the best education on the planet and boasts fabulous product ranges and a dynamic and modern image.  Moreover, TONI&GUY is  the only hairdressing company to be awarded Superbrand status and they truly represent the catwalk-to-client philosophy (www.toniguy.com). TONI&GUY offer a lifestyle choice, not just a hairdressing appointment. Within the salons,

Buddist Text- The Heart of Understanding Thich Nhat Hanh Essay

Buddist Text- The Heart of Understanding Thich Nhat Hanh - Essay Example We may be able to see a figurative â€Å"sunshine† on the paper after a poet or a writer has written something that will move us but not the literal sunshine. The definition of the word interbeing in itself is confusing and in fact can even be contradictory in terms. Especially when Thich Nhat Hanh mentioned that â€Å"you cannot just be by yourself alone† (10). Dissecting the terms and their meaning of his text, he seemed to contradict himself of what he meant by being alone because by being alone is being without anyone else and how could I not be alone with myself when nobody is no longer around. Of course I am already alone by myself then. (b) Defend his argument by adding additional evidence or crafting an additional   logical proof   Thich Nhat Hanh’s  Interbeing has to be read in the greater context of the belief system of which it operates which is Buddhism. Reading it by itself without inferring to a greater context of which it has to serve a purpo se, the text will render the reader confused, with the author’s work becoming pointless because the texts cannot be understood as it is full of contradictions and stretched out connections. It will also be very difficult to understand because the allegory does not make any sense. In the text, Thich Nhat Hanh’s mentioned that it is just not possible that â€Å"you cannot just be by yourself alone† but I already am when nobody is around. And we cannot see the paper at the same time (Thich Nhat Hanh 9) because you are not here with me looking at the same text that I am reading. You may be looking at the same text but it would be another copy of the text, not the exact paper that I am reading. But in Thich Nhat Hanh’s perspective, we can actually be looking at the same paper even without your physical presence. To appreciate Thich Nhat Hanh text, we have to understand the theology of Bhavat Gita that motivated the meaning of Interbeing. While Bhagavad Gita is as common to the Buddhist as the Bible to the Christian, it is still a strange idea to a non-Buddhist especially if the reader’s perspective is oriented towards western philosophy and using it as a yardstick for understanding the text. The text is reflective Bhavat Gita’s concept of karma that everything is just a cycle and interrelated including life and death. This process of karma is ever continuing to improve one’s karma until enlightenment and vijnana is achieved. So everything in this world is in a continuum and nothing exists by itself because all is subjected to the law of karma which is cyclical and interrelated. When Thich Nhat Hanh mentioned that â€Å"you just cannot be alone by yourself† it was in fact logical when viewed with the perspective of a Buddhist. â€Å"To be† is to be â€Å"inter-be† because nature’s natural order of things is for us to be in commune with everything around us that there is no such thing as â⠂¬Å"just yourself†. To be â€Å"yourself† meant â€Å"to be with† because the natural order of the â€Å"self† is to serve karma which necessitates to be â€Å"inter-be†. Under this lens, seeing the parents of the logger or the sunshine on the paper is no longer improbable or illogical. For the paper is a part of the bigger scheme of things that are interrelated and came into being not only with the inputs of production of the

Development finance and funding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Development finance and funding - Essay Example if not irrational housing underwriting, increased unemployment and retrenchments, reduced compensation, a high price correction, tax credit for first time home buyers, rising foreclosures, decline of appraisal quality, expanded market times and a number of other challenges (Yudelson, 2009, p.45). The increased level of sales in the latter half of 2009 was encouraging; a recovery in housing department was later attained in 2012 by an increased employment rates and greater consumer access to credit. The number of sales jumped as inventory declined. The co-op sales in 2008 increased at an incredible rate of 28.3%. This level of sales is more than 3 times of the first quarter of 2009 which is considered then low point of market activity tipping in the fall of 2008. There is a consistency with the 10 year quarterly amount. The diminishing in the level of inventory in the market is attributed to the robust level of sales in the last quarter of 2009. The monthly absorption rate fell to 7.3 months due to the higher number of sales and lower inventory. The fourth quarter of 2009 represented 51.1% of all apartment sales which was an increase from 43.2 in the previous year (Miller, Spivey, & Florance, 2008, p.51). This represents a significant change for the same period a decade ago when the market shares of co-op sales were way below that. Of the total c-op stock, 97.3% were considered resale listings and 2.7% comprised of new development of condo-ops apartments with condo rules. These sales have led to a steady development of commercial property in the Manhattan region (Abbey & Richards, 2009, p.23). The increase in the number of market days as listing discount jumped. The average days on market was 151 days a decrease from the previous 152 days in 2008. Listing discount continued to increase reaching a mark of 18.3% as compared to 4.5% in the previous year. The combination of increasing number of sales and decreasing inventory suggested that the amount of remaining

Comparing Polymers: Metal and Ceramics

Comparing Polymers: Metal and Ceramics Ceramics are inorganic and nonmetallic materials formed from metallic and nonmetallic elements whose interatomic bonds are either ionic or mostly ionic. Many of the ceramics desirable properties are obtained usually by a high temperature heat treatment. Ceramics are made up of two or more elements. In a crystalline structure is more complex than that of metals. When the bonding is mostly ionic the crystal structure is made up of positively charged metallic ions, cations, negatively charged nonmetallic ions and anions. When the ions are bonded together the overall charge must be neutral. To have a stable system the anions in the structure that surround a cation must be in contact with that particular ion. There needs to be a ratio of the cation radius to the anion radius for the coordination and understanding of the structures geometry. If for example there is a lack of coordination, the cation would be incorrectly incased by the anions thus causing a collapse in its expected structur al stability. There are many different types of structures exist for ceramics. One crystal structure is the AX type where there are an equal number of cations and anions. Another crystal structure that exists for ceramics has a different number of cations and anions but still has a neutral charge because the ions have different magnitudes of charge is called an AmXp structure. An AmBnXp structure has more than one type of cation, represented by A and B but only one type of anion. This type of structure is also seen in close packing of ions in metals. Imperfections occur in the crystal structure of ceramics very similar to metal structural defects. Defects can occur in each of the two ions of the structure. At any time there can be cation, anion interstitials, cation or anion vacancies. Most defects or imperfections occur in pairs to maintain the electroneutrality. A Frenkel defect is a cation vacancy and cation interstitial pair. When a cation and anion vacancy pair occurs they are called a Schottky defect. Ceramics can also have impurities in the crystal structure like metals. Figure 12.21 gives a schematic diagram of the Frenkel and a Schotkey defects (pg 435). In many cases ceramics tend to be very brittle which can lead to catastrophic failure with very few signs of fatigue. This is due to the fact that ceramics absorb very little energy before they fracture. When ceramics are subjected to a tensile stress, they almost always fracture before any plastic deformation takes place. Fracture occurs because of the formation and propagation of cracks perpendicular to the applied load. Ceramics have a greater ability to resist compression than tension. The modulus of elasticity decreases with more pores in the ceramic material. When there are many pores in the material they act as stress concentrators which expose the material to weak portion. However, ceramics are very hard and are good for applications where abrasive or grinding action is needed. Most polymers are organic and are composed of hydrocarbons with interatomic forces that are represented as covalent bonds. Most polymers chains are quite long and very complex. These long molecules are made up of repeat units which are repeated along the chain. The smaller repeating unit is called a monomer. Polymers can be made up of a single repeat unit, called a homopolymer, or two or more different repeating units called copolymers. Polymers generally have a very large molecular weight. These molecular chains tend to have many kinking, bending, and coiling along with entanglement with neighboring chains may occur. This causes the outcome material to be very elastic. Polymer chains can have side groups which cause different configurations based on which side and with what regularity they bond. They can present a level of crystallinity similar to the packing of the molecular chains to create an ordered atomic array. This crystal structure can be much more complex than metallic crystal structures. Defects in polymers also differ from those found in metals and ceramics. Defects in polymers are linked to the chain ends because they are slightly different than the chain itself and emerge from the segments of the crystal. Polymers are very sensitive to strain rate, temperature, and chemical nature of the environment. Different polymers can exhibit different stress strain behavior depending on the complexity of the mole cular chain. Certain polymers display a level of is brittle where fracture occurs before elastic deformation which is very similar in the case of ceramics. Another type of polymers is very similar to metals where elastic deformation takes place first followed by yielding and plastic deformation. A third type is exhibited by elastomers which have totally elastic and recoverable deformation. Polymers generally have a lower modulus of elasticity and tensile strength then metals. Some Polymers can be stretched up to ten times longer than its original state where metals and ceramics cannot easily accomplish. Polymers exhibit viscoelasticity at temperatures between where elastic and liquid like behaviors are prevalent. Similar to metals and ceramics, polymers can experience creep. Creep is a time dependent factor due to deformation under stress or elevated temperature. In both ceramics and polymers, creep depends on time and temperature. Polymers may be ductile or brittle depending on tem perature, strain rate, specimen geometry, and way of loading which is very similar to the properties of metals. Polymers are brittle at low temperatures and have somewhat low impact strengths. Polymers can experience fatigue under a repetitive loading. They are generally softer than metals and ceramics and unlike metals and ceramics, polymer melting occur over a range of temperatures instead at a specific temperature. Metals are a material made up of metallic elements that are bonded metallically like common alloys. The electrons are not bound to any particular atom creating a matrix of ion cores surrounded by many electrons. They are very good conductors of heat and electricity where as ceramics and polymers are lacking. Polymers and metals are both ductile and are not that brittle though metals also exhibit a level of malleability. Ceramics are very brittle, they tend to fracture under a load which means they are lacking in ductility. Polymers are the softest material due to their complex structure, while ceramics are the hardest but are not very tough because they fracture before plastic deformation occurs. Polymers plastically deform very easily and have the smallest Youngs modulus. Ceramics have the highest value because of their brittleness and never reach the point of plastic deformation because they would fracture first. The values of Youngs modulus for metals fall between those for polyme rs and ceramics. These three materials have diverse structures and exhibit different levels of defects. Alloying, using the term in the broadest sense. Simply an alloy is a metal compound that consists of 2 or more metal or nonmetallic elements. These combinations of metallic and non metallic elements ultimately create new compounds that in result display superior structural properties as compared to the elements by themselves. The type of alloy mixtures is highly dependent on the desired mechanical property of the material. Alloying can be applied to metals, ceramics and polymers where in each specific properties are desired. One of the most desired properties of metal alloys is the hardenability. A material with a high level of hardness will resist deformation caused by surface indentation or abrasion while a material with a low hardness level will deform more easily under similar conditions. The main factor in a materials hardenability is its martensite (the rate which austenitized iron carbon alloys are formed when cooled) also content and is related to the amount of carbon in a material. With this application of alloying on metals, the material can exhibit greater strain and stress resistances as well as elasticity. These properties are favorable when dealing with construction and manufacturing processes. A ceramic alloy is basically a fusion of a ceramic with of 2 or more metals. As seen in metal alloys, ceramic alloys can consist of impurity atoms in a solid state. In ceramic alloys an interstitial and substitutional states are possible. In an interstitial type, the anion has to be bigger than the impurity of the ionic radius. The substitutional impurity applies where the impurity atom usually forms a cation in the ceramic material thus the host cation will be substituted. Figure 12.23 provides a great visual representation of interstitial and substitutional types in a ceramic alloy (pg 437). Significantly, to properly achieve a solid state of solubility for substituting impurity atoms, the charge and the ionic size must be as the same as the host ion. If they were different it there would need to be some other way for the electroneutrality to be maintained within the solid. An easy way to do this is to create a formation of lattice defects of vacancies or interstitial of both ion t ypes. Cobalt chromium is a perfect example of a ceramic alloy in which was designed to be used for coronary interventions thus because it does not degrade once placed in the human body. Polymer alloys consist of two or more different types of polymers in a sense blended together. There are a variety of additives that can be blended or mixed in with the polymer to create the desired effect for the material. Polymer additives that support the modification of its physical properties are fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers and of course flame retardants. Fillers are generally introduced to a polymer, when a greater comprehensive strength and thermal stability is desired. Creating these types of alloys are very beneficial because they are generally very easy to create and use in their desired form. Plasticizers help improve the flexibility and toughness of polymers by reducing the hardness and stiffness of the material. They are often introduced to polymers that are generally brittle at room temperature. These additives are especially useful because they generally lower the glass transition temperature thus allowing the polymer to have a extent of pliability. Due to the f act that certain polymers are not resilient to environmental conditions, stabilizers are introduced. They provide stability and integrity against deterioration against the mechanical properties. The two most common forms of environmental deterioration are UV exposure and oxidation. A major concern with many polymers is that they are highly flammable. Flame retardants are introduced to such polymers to reduce the combustibility of the material by interfering with its ability to combust through a gas phase or initiating a different combustion reaction that generates less heat. This process will reduce the temperature that would eventually cease the burning process. Kirill Shkolnik 105940393 ESG 332 R01 Exam #2 (Question #2) Describe with reference to phase diagrams and dislocation theory, how precipitation age hardening can be achieved in aluminum alloys. Generally aluminum is a metal with a low level of density compared to other metals. Due to this low level of density, it conducts electricity and heat better than copper. Aluminums just over 1200 degrees Fahrenheit which is comparably low to other metals. Due to these simple facts, it seems ideal to bond elements such as titanium, silicon, copper, zinc and other materials to magnify aluminums positive attributes. The process precipitation age hardening can amplify the alloying of aluminum. This process involves supersaturating a solid solution precipitating evenly dispersed particles on the aluminum. This will help stop the movement of dislocations within the metal structure. The basic concept of dislocation is the atomic misalignment of atoms in a linear plane. These atomic misalignments affect a whole series of atoms on a plane. The series of misalign atoms form a line called a dislocation line. There are two known types of dislocation called the screw and edge dislocation. Screw d islocation and edge dislocation are the primary types of dislocations but require a certain amount of each other to occur. By reducing the amount of dislocations can radically increase the strength in the metal. The process of alloying usually makes a pure material harder. The process of alloying is having one metal bond with impurity atoms from other materials to change its mechanical properties. An alloying process called solid solution alloying uses a solution to substitute bonds inside the metal. The limiting of dislocation movement is a major factor for alloying because it can be used to strengthen metals. Alloying metals with the precipitation hardening makes the strength of the new material stronger as the progress of the process is delayed. The reason for precipitation hardening is sought after is because of its abilities in making metals stronger. Aluminum alloys can have precipitation in a very specific way. Heat treatment occurs when one material is heated a supersaturated mixture at a specific phase and so two different phases can be present together. A precipitate forms in small pieces throughout the entire material. When the mixture is at its equilibrium, the forming process comes to an end. The small pieces of precipitate then diffuse together to form one large precipitate. This stage of the precipitate tends to weaken the materials fundamental structure. The small pieces of precipitate in the material make it harder for dislocations to move. When strength of the material diminishes due to the movement of the precipitate it is called overaging. There are two things need for heat treatments to be applied. Figure 11.21 provides a graphical representation the relationship between temperature and composition for aluminum and copper (pg 402). The copper phase represented at a shows a supersaturated solid solution in aluminum while the compound that between the two elements is symbolized as ?. Interestingly the point M represents the max solubility point at certain temperature and composition in the material. Point N represents the solubility limit of a and (a + ?) L symbolizes the temperature needed for the solution to become a liquid. If a major amount of solute is made available in the solution, we would have a precipitation hardened alloy. The limit of the solubility curve vastly decreases in concentration as the temperature decreases. There are two different ways precipitation can occur. One process is the use heat treatment where the solute can be dissolved to form a solid single phase solution. This method can be done by heating an alloy to a very high temperature. Figure 11.24 shows that the ? phase is blended into a phase (pg 404). Then the alloy is cooled where all that is left is a supersaturated a phase. Precipitation heat treatment the (a + ?) phase is heated to a specific temperature to allow the ? phase to precipitate. The alloy is cooled and the hardness of the alloy is determined by time. A logarithmic function a comparison with strength and time proves the dependence of temperature and strength. Kirill Shkolnik 105940393 ESG 332 R01 Exam #2 (Question #3) Describe what is meant by the term glass transition temperature and illustrate your answer from polymer and ceramic point of view. Typically a glass transition temperature is where a noncrystalline form of a polymer or a ceramic is cooled and transforms from a super cooled liquid into a glass. A ceramic or a glassy material is a noncrystalline material that becomes increasingly more viscous when it is cooled. Due to the fact that glassy materials are noncrystalline there is no definite temperature when the liquid will transform into a solid. Though, it is also important to note that in noncrystalline materials the specific volume is dependent on temperature and will decrease with the temperature. The glass transition temperature displays a reduction in the rate at which the specific volume decreases with temperature. When the temperature is below this value, the material is in a ceramic from and directly above this point the material is considered a supercooled liquid. The glass transition temperature occurs in both glassy and semicrystalline polymers, but not in crystalline materials. As certain molecular chain s in noncrystalline materials temperature drop due to lack of motion the glass temperature transition occurs. Basically glass transition is the time in which a steady transformation occurs from the liquid state to a slightly rubbery state and then to the final more rigid solid material. The glass transition temperature is the state in which the material goes from its rubbery to rigid state. This transition can take place in both directions. As a polymer for example is cooled to a rigid solid, it can be heated and undergo the same transition in reverse. As the material undergoes all of these changes its properties change from state to state. Some materials can experience greater change include the stiffness, heat capacity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion for the material during this transition. The glass transition temperature also acts as a limit boundary for applications of polymers and polymer matrix like components. If this temperature is beyond the material threshold, it will no longer fit the desired properties the task had called for and the application would be useless. The molecules that had been frozen in place below the will both rotate and translate at the temperatures above. Molecular characteristics have an impact on the chains stiffness and will in turn affect the glass transition temperature for the material. Some molecular characteristics that can cause the chains flexibility to be reduced and the glass transition temperature to increase that include bulky side groups on the molecular chain. Also these characteristics can affect polar atoms or groups of polar atoms on the side of the molecular chain, double bonds, and aromatic groups. The glass transition temperature will also increase as the molecular weight of the material increases. Branching also influences the of a material, many branches will decrease the chains mobility and increase, a lower density of branches will cause the to decrease as the molecular chains will have a freer range of motion. Crosslinks can occur in glassy polymers and can affect, they cause the reduction of motion and therefore increase. If there are too many crosslinks occur in the material, the molecular motion would be so limited that glass transition may not occur. It can be understood that many of the same molecular characteristics which affect the glass transition temperature also affect the melting transition temperature. The two are affected in such a similar manner that is usually somewhere between 0.5 to 0.8 times the melting transition temperature. Figure 15.19 demonstrates this mathematic relationship (pg 548). Both ceramic and polymers have a glass transition temperature. A glass can be referred to by several different names; such as vitreous solid, an amorphous solid or glassy solid. An amorphous solid has the mechanical properties of a solid, but does not have long range molecular order where they are in motion at a very slow rate that it be considered rigid for regular purposes. When glas sy materials have been supercooled below the glass transition temperature they will take on characteristics similar to those of a crystalline solid. This solid will become rigid with an increased hardness and will be more brittle. However, if a glassy material is heated to above its glass transition temperature it will become softer and many of the intermolecular bonds will break allowing the material to flow at an increasing fluid viscosity. A polymer below the glass transition temperature is more rigid, but as it enters its glass transition phase, the material becomes more rubbery as its viscosity increases. The polymer can enter its glass transition at a lower temperature when critical factors that usually affect the motion of the molecules in the material are not all present. When molecular weight of a polymer increases, the glass transition temperature will also increase. Many factors that increase the the rubber gasket would not do its job properly. Polymers can exhibit the following structures: amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline. Describe these structures and explain how the mechanical properties may be influenced by these structural forms for a polymer of the same chemical formula. Polymers can develop amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline structures of the same chemical formula. Polymers can exist as liquids, semi solids, or solids related to the crystal structures respectively. However each of these structures exhibit a variety of different mechanical properties. The crystallinity of a polymer depends on the intermolecular secondary bonding which will heavily influence the extent of any mechanical property of the polymer. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and compression strength of a crystalline structure will be stronger than a semicrystalline structure and significantly stronger than amorphous type structure. For a crystalline structure the molecular chains of the polymer are tightly packed together in an organized atomic group which take up space and will affect the polymers mechanical properties. These crystalline structures are heavily influenced by the glass transition temperature. Also the isomer and chemical formula lays out crucial factors that will be very important in the formation of the bulk material structure. From certain large bulky functional groups there becomes an impending hindrance that will inhibit the movement capability of a molecule. This process will increase the energy requirement for any phase change. The outcome of this process is a greater transition temperature. This new temperature transition will increase the chances for the formation of a crystalline structure. The reason for this is and time span before the material becomes a disorganized liquid and requires a longer time for the molecules to arrange themselves properly. When polymers have many branches the weaker the material will be, even though crystalline structures are stronger than less ordered materials. Figure 15.18 demonstrates the change in these structural states when specific volume and temperature are compared (pg 546). Pure polymers have a very small melting point ranges and bond strength. Doped polymers and polymer alloys will generally have wider melting point ranges. The process of branching will decre ase the strength of a polymer, which would continuously decrease the melting point temperature. Though, the act of branching on heavily dense branches will decrease molecule mobility. Also within this process the molecular weight is affected as well. Kirill Shkolnik 105940393 ESG 332 R01 Exam #2 (Question #4) How are T-T-T and C-C-T diagrams used to design heat treatment schedules for plain carbon steels. Time-Temperature-Transformation or T-T-T and continuous cooling transformation or C-C-T are used for heat treatment schedules for plain carbon steel. T-T-T are commonly known as an isothermal transformation diagrams can show the change of different phases at certain temperatures. C-C-T can be used to calculate percent transformation against the logarithm function through time. The use the isothermal transformation and continuous cooling transformation diagrams can be used to develop a heat treatment for plain carbon steels. These diagrams will support the understanding of carbon steels through phase diagrams. When a structure is heat treated, its cooling process helps retain its structure. This process can be analyzed through T-T-T. Figure 10.13 displays a graphical representation of temperature against time with a third dimension with the percent of the steel alloy transformed to pearlite (pg 326). The understanding of a rapid cooling alloy sully depends on the understanding and application of heat treatment. It is understood that isothermal transformations do not change in temperature but continuous cooling transformation diagrams do. C-C-T and T-T-T display the same dimensions but over a larger spectrum of time and temperature. Figure 10.28 shows different forms of steel alloys (pg 338). A material that has been cooled to a temperature slightly below it s eutectoid temperature, and isothermal transformation is maintained for an extended period of time, interestingly it cannot be depicted on T-T-T diagrams in spheroid forms.

Court System Structure

The state court system and the federal court system have similar codes of conduct, but they do have their differences. The state court system hears way more cases than the federal courts, and get more personally involved due to the issues being right in their own backyard. The state of California has 58 superior courts (trial courts) which reside in each of the 58 counties. It is here where any, and all, issues pertaining to civil and criminal cases, as well as family, probate, and juvenile cases are heard. This is where the bulk of California’s judiciary justice is served. If a case is appealed it is taken up the ladder to one of California’s six Courts of Appeal. According to courtinfo. ca. gov (2011), â€Å"The State legislature divided the state geographically into six appellate districts, each containing a Court of Appeal. † (About California Courts, para. 2). The Supreme Court of California sits at the apex of authority in the state's judicial system (courtinfo. a. gov, 2011). Cases that have been questioned in the Court of Appeal must be reviewed by the Supreme Court, as well as any case in which a trial court has issued the death penalty. The federal court system has a similar structure to the state court system. The lowest level is the federal district court. The district court hears the civil and criminal cases that pertain to the potential unconstitutionality or impartiality of a specific state court. Federal accusations of fraud and drug crimes can also be seen here. The next level, similar to the state court system, is the U. S. Court of Appeals. This is the intermediary appellate court level where cases that have been appealed are reviewed. Atop this is the United States Supreme Court, the highest form of authority in the country. It is here where few cases are officially sent to trial, but instead cases may be reviewed by one or a group of the justices and sent back down the line.

Fiscal Policy Paper Essay

The United States has been known as a powerhouse throughout the world and as having a good reputation with other countries. With the deficit, surplus and a high debt has caused the United States to lose some of its stature on an international level. The national debt has three parts concerning fiscal policies, prevailing economic conditions, public policy, and demographic changes. The United States has had annual deficits spending a lot more than the Department of Treasury has collected. This has occurred almost every year since the nation has been around. This is what has established the United States as a preeminent global power that it is right now. (â€Å"Financial Regulations†, 2012). If the deficit and debts continue in a downward spiral this will have an effect on the strength and status of the United States bargaining power. While the United States could faces inflation, on the international level it could cause the American dollar to depreciate and this would harm the United Stated international competitive power. If this happens the reputation of the United States would diminish on an international level as well. When the United State is importing goods, an Italian clothing company can reap the benefits. If Italy’s economy is strong enough when the United States runs a trade deficit, an Italian clothing company will continue to grow and produce jobs for the people in Italy. It is opposite if the United States runs a trade surplus, this can cause an Italian clothing company to shut down because the company will not be producing the goods that the United States need. When there is a debt in the United States and a demand for Italian clothing company to import their products, the United States must sell off assets at a lower value to cover the demand of the products. (According to â€Å"Research and Data† 2011). If the United States does not have any assets to sell they will have to borrow the product from the company and pay them back at a later time. This will make their debt larger because they will have to pay back the debt plus interest on the total price. Today the unemployme nt rate is a serious problem in parts of our country. People who are unemployed are not paying taxes. Unemployment is a huge part of the deficit. A large amount of people go from employed to unemployment at a fast rate. People are losing their jobs for many  reasons which push them to the unemployment line. Unemployment benefits are designed to help people until they can find employment. When jobs are lost, salaries stop, taxes are not being paid, and the government is paying out unemployment benefits to people who are not working. There has to be some kind of solutions to help curve the unemployment problems. Creating training programs for high demand positions should be offered to unemployed clients to get them back to work. Most students rely on Student loans, Pell grants and any assistance they can get from the government to help them further their education. In February, there was a threatened sequester and education funds were affected. Education was one of the areas that was in the line of fire and was talks of cuts ensued. This would hurt many students because it would decide if they would be able to continue attending school. It would also hurt the universities because some had already experienced cuts within the system. President Obama spoke about funding for education and how important it is to continue. To keep the Pell Grants safe, other areas were targeted. The Leap grants, subsidized loans, Trio program, and Perkins loan were all at risk. It all comes down to the economy. Money has to be moved ar ound and often causes problem for many. In the end students will see interest rates on loans rising and higher payment to repay after graduation. Taxpayers suffer from the debt and deficit because taxes are raised to offset the deficit and debt. If the debt is high concerns on how the debt is going to get paid grows. The debt is what owed by the federal government. Since the government continues to borrow funds from the Social Security Trust Fund, future Social Security is in jeopardy. It’s predicted that over the next 20 years the social security fund will not have enough to cover the benefits of the baby boomers that will be ready to retire. These benefits will have to be paid so taxes will have to be raised and other government programs will have to be cut. With the future predication of more social security recipients it leaves fewer workers to pay into the system. Future social security and Medicare users depend on the surplus to fund their benefits. For years Social security had a huge surplus because it collected more in taxes than what was paid out. Beginning in 2010 Social Security started paying out more in benefits causing a need for concern. Raising taxes is one way to increase the social security fund. It is highly unlikely that Social Security and  Medicare will be cut because both are funded by employees, employers and t hose self-employed (taxpayers), As long as people are working and paying taxes Medicare and Social Security will always have funding. It’s important to understand that a considerable part of the loss in U.S. manufacturing jobs has not just been a story of higher productivity leading to fewer jobs—as was the case with the transformation of the U.S. agricultural sector over the last century. It’s been more a story of decline in output due to a loss of international competitiveness. This is why the decline of U.S. manufacturing merits a serious policy response. Look at Detroit for example the decline of car industry and factory jobs have been in constant decline because of the way this country sends jobs to other countries for cheaper labor. So in essence why would a foreign country buy cars from the U.S. when they know what it cost to make them? And more than likely we are in debt to them which would in part make us sell cheaper than what we want just because of it. The debt affects the deficit in three ways. First, the debt actually gives a better indication of the true deficit each year. You can more accurately gauge the deficit by comparing each year’s debt to last year’s debt. That is because the budget deficit, as reported in each year’s budget, does not include the amount owed to the Social Security Fund. However, this is a debt that will need to be repaid one day, and so the amount borrowed from it is a more accurate description of each year’s government liabilities than the reported budget deficit. As one can imagine economic production and growth and what GDP represents, has a large impact on nearly everyone within that economy. For example, when the economy is healthy, you will typically see low unemployment and wage increases as businesses demand labor to meet the growing economy. A significant change in GDP, whether up or down, usually has a significant effect on the stock market. It’s not hard to understand why a bad economy usually means lower profits for companies, which in turn means lower stock prices. Investors really worry about negative GDP growth, which is one of the factors economists use to determine whether an economy is in a recession. ? References St. Louise Federal Reserve, Deficit, Debts and Trust Funds, August 2006) http://www.investopedia.com/articles/ useconomy.about.com Fiscal Policy Financial Regulations. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.cfr.org research and data. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.phil.frb.org Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

The Critical Role of informati

The Critical Role of informati The Critical Role of Information Systems Today?s information systems are both technical and social in nature. Management must understand the importance of information within the organization. It is management?s job to understand how information is collected, processed, and distributed. We are all extremely affected by information systems and must be willing to understand and work with them. Our global economy does not allow us to depend on face to face transactions like in the 1980?s. Today, few managers can ignore the importance and impact of how information is handled by their organization. Information systems play a critical role in today?s business organization and society (Laudon 5).Since the emergence of the global economy, the success of firms today and in the future depends on their ability to operate globally. The American economy depends on imports and exports. Foreign trade, both imports and exports accounts for a little over 25 percent of goods and services produced in th e United States, and even more in countries like Japan and Germany.Financial Management SystemThis percentage is currently and will continue to grow in the future (5).Globalization of the world?s industrial economies greatly enhances the value of information to the firm and offers new opportunities to businesses. Today, information systems provide the communication and analytic power that firms need to conduct trades and manage businesses on a global scale. Globalization and information technology also brings new threats to domestic business firms. This is brought on by the customer?s ability to shop in a worldwide marketplace, obtaining the price and quality information reliably, 24 hours a day. The worldwide market place brings competition to a higher level than ever before, forcing all businesses to play a part in this global economy. In order to become a profitable player in a worldwide market firms, need powerful information...

Comparing Wilfred Owens The Sentry and Dulce et Decorum Est Essays

Comparing Wilfred Owens The Sentry and Dulce et Decorum Est Essays Comparing Wilfred Owens The Sentry and Dulce et Decorum Est Paper Comparing Wilfred Owens The Sentry and Dulce et Decorum Est Paper Essay Topic: Jessie Pope War Poetry Poetry Wilfred Owen’s poetry is not about grandeur, dominion or altruism. It is about war and the grotesque horrors that it represents to the former nation, the nation of today and the nation of tomorrow. Owen did not write in self-pity but in the pity of war. His poems The Sentry and Dulce et Decorum Est are resonant, portentous and multi-layered works characterised by poignant honesty and profound compassion whilst embodying both differences and similarities to each other. Wilfred Owen’s Dulce and The Sentry are both presented as a vignette from the front lines of the First World War. In Dulce, Owen describes British soldiers being attacked with gas, however, in The Sentry he depicts the shelling of his sentry. He employs sibilance to imitate the sound of the gas when he states, â€Å"Dim, through the misty panes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as Owen sets eyes open the soldier who had been gassed. Caesura has been exploited after ‘dim’, fracturing the line to illustrate the horror that Owen experienced to the reader. He also uses the same technique in The Sentry when he sees the soldier falling down the steps of their dugout after a shell attack. Owen states, â€Å"The sentry’s body; then his rifle. † Again, he is conveying the dismay and incredulity of what he is witnessing. He also writes in the present continuous tense at both times in the poem, implying that the sufferings of these soldiers are resulting in recurring nightmares. Moreover, Owen goes on to use sibilance again in Dulce: â€Å"gas-shells dropping softly behind. † This gives the poem more depth to the imagery and instigates the reader to relive the gas attack with him. The use of the sinister ‘s’ sound throughout the poem also represents his attitudes and emotions of war. In the quotation, Owen also utilises irony through the adverb ‘softly’ to assert the soldiers unawareness of the shells and the fact that they have become accustom to the deafening sound and are not able to hear anything anymore. This is reinforced by the quotation â€Å"Deaf even to the hoots. † In the first of the four stanzas, Owen is purposefully creating a death-like although rather composed feeling before the surprise of the gas attack in the second stanza to highlight the chaos. Consequently, Owen creates a sense of pathos and the reader can emphasise with the soldiers. He also achieves the chaotic feeling through transitioning from a regular rhyming scheme to an irregular one. Regular suggests routine and organisation, however, irregular implies that the gas attack disrupted this and was a shock to the soldiers. In contrast, to creating a composed feeling in the first stanza in Dulce, in The Sentry, Wilfred Owen the reader instantaneously is given an insight into the continuous violence from the irregular rhythm. The quotation â€Å"hell, for shell on frantic shell† reveals that the attack on the dugout was incessant whilst the use consonance mimics the noise of the shells to add to the effect. The repetition shows the abundance of shells that were falling. Furthermore, Owen uses the preposition ‘on’ to indicate that each shell was overshadowing the last and the situation is getting worse and worse. The verb â€Å"hammered† reinforces that the shells falling on the soldiers rapidly whilst elucidating that they are breaking the soldier’s spirits as caesura follows. Similarly, in Dulce, the war is compared to the devil: â€Å"His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin. † This simile is iron as sin to a devil is his reason for existence and if he becomes â€Å"sick of sin† he is essentially inquiring everything that has been of significance to him. His face expressed this extent of the supposed disillusion that his entire life had been for nothing. It could be interpreted that Owen is suggesting that the dying soldier is questioning everything that he has been told about the honour of patriotism, the glory and the sweetness of dying for war. On the hand, the soldier could also be questioning the sin that is war itself. Owen goes on to state â€Å"guttering down in waterfalls of slime† The noun ‘waterfall’ is an example of euphemistic device meiosis, understating the conditions of the dugout as waterfalls generally connote beauty and purity. He is using contradictory language because he then contrasts with the unpleasant word â€Å"slime† and immediately conjuring repulsive images. Owen’s use of the noun â€Å"guttering† in addition to â€Å"choking† and â€Å"drowning† shows the extreme pain and desolation and are examples of cacophony, giving the line harsh discordant sounds. This reflects the harshness of the war and the discord that is created from the gas attack. â€Å"Guttering† could be a reference to the tallow of a candle as it is burning out, reflecting the effects the gas is having and the fact the gas is killing the soldier and the last of his spirits. It could also be a use of animorphism as tallow is extracted from cows to make candles. The animorphism illustrates the inferiority of the soldiers as cows are stereotypically considered compliant, brainless and easy to slaughter for their meat which is one of their only uses. This is reinforced in the phrase: â€Å"the wagon we flung him in†, where the dying soldier is being treated more like an animal carcase and not like a human being. The animorphism also echoes The Sentry in which Owen writes, â€Å"We herded from blast†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, cows are herded and the dehumanisation of the soldiers by those in a higher rank is demonstrated. â€Å"Bitter as the cud† further reinforces this as chewing the cud is what a cow does when it regurgitates grass it has eaten and chews it again to extract more nutrients. This is a metaphor for the soldiers ‘retasting’ their ‘bitter’ memories that the survivors and Owen himself will have. The simile that on the surface seems to be ordinary is in actuality tainted and warped, symbolising the breakdown of society and propaganda that shows a romantically valiant war. The quotation ‘â€Å"I see your lights’ – But ours had long gone out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  displays Owen’s haunting recollection is of the sentry’s voice, shouting through the calamity caused by the exploding shells that he is insisting he can see to reassure both his fellow soldiers and himself. Owen combines a dialogue and a description to achieve a dramatic effect; in the last couplet, the compassion for the sentry lies in the poetic juxtaposition of his direct and optimistic speech. The compassion proceeds from the dramatic irony at the sentry’s disadvantage. The sentry, being blind does not know unlike his fellow shoulders that the lights â€Å"had long gone out. † As they can see for themselves, his boldness has an unintended consequence: it revealed his honourable pretence that he can see too. Furthermore, the quotation could not only be referring to the blind sentry but also acting as a symbol. The notion of ‘lights going out’ indicates and death and could possibly be foreshadowing the effects and consequence of the war and reflecting the hopelessness they endured. In Dulce et Decorum Est, the simile â€Å"bent double like old beggars under sacks† illustrates the premature aging that the war is causing and connotes a filthy and feeble image of the soldiers which contrasts with strong, heroic one that was portrayed in propaganda at the time. In addition, Owen injects realism into the poem by using the everyday phrase â€Å"bent double. He permits the reader to empathise with soldiers whilst employing hyperbole as someone would not literally be bent in two. The everyday phrase also conveys that the soldiers are everyday people. However, it conveys the feelings of exhaustion. Owen also employs alliteration with the use of the ‘b’ sound which reads harshly and echoes the severity of the war whilst adding an insistent tone to the poem. â€Å"Those other wretches† and â€Å"knock-kneed† also reinforces the reality that soldiers were growing old before their time, contrasting with the idealistic and heroic way in which soldiers and war was presented, showing the poem’s irony. However, the reader is also reminded of the youth of the soldiers although only subtly in Dulce. Owen states, â€Å"Incurable sores on innocent tongues†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which begets a myriad of horrific images and the contemptibility of warfare. The quotation also indicates the naivety of the soldiers and how almost childlike they are. As it is written in the last stanza and poem is written in the style of a French ballad, the quotation is part of the reflection on the events. Owen is highlighting the truth that the men who are fighting and suffering from the likes of a gas attack are innocent, young men. In The Sentry, the youth of the soldiers is much more apparent. For instance, â€Å"Until he whined†¦Ã¢â‚¬  lacks any masculinity as whining is usually associated with small children. Owen goes onto â€Å"coax† the sentry; underlining his youth again as he is needed to be pacified like a child. Owen also used juxtaposition when he writes; â€Å"Ecstasy of fumbling. † Owen would have been feeling anything but ecstatic and therefore highlighting what would have been misery. It also described the controlled panic and shows how he was awakened with heightened awareness and how he had to find helmet in a matter of seconds. The juxtaposition makes the reader realise that the soldiers were in a panic-ridden state in which their minds only occupied with the one thought of escaping the gas. Wilfred Owen utilises holophrastic phrases in the quotation, â€Å"GAS! Gas! Quick, boys! † The capital letters and exclamation marks fracture the metrical structure that has been built through iambic pentameter and a regular rhyme scheme in the first stanza. This results in an impression of urgency, helplessness and alarm. Similarly, in the Sentry onomatopoeia has been employed in the quotation, â€Å"Thud! flump! thud! † exclamation marks also follow the holophrastic phrases to imitate the sound with the phonological device of assonance. In the last stanza, Owen becomes more uses iambic pentameter on most lines providing a steady rhythmic beat. Ironically, iambic pentameter is usually reserved for love and in this stanza he was initially addressing Jessie Pope who did not like her propagandistic poetry and what she stood for. Furthermore, in Dulce Owen describes the gruesome effects the gas has on a man. He says, â€Å"If in some smothering dreams you too could pace behind the wagon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The word ‘dreams’ is use of litotes because they are in fact nightmares and this therefore normalises the way he lives life in the war. It also suggests that if his audience were to experience his nightmares which were in fact reality, they may no longer believe the mendacious ode: Dulce et Decorum est Pro Patria Mori. Prior to this line, Owen capitalises the word ‘lie. This could be interpreted to be because pro-war propaganda was so imposing and dominating in Britain at the time and it was many peoples belief that it was fact. Ironically, Owen is arguing the opposite. The last rhyming couplet ‘glory’ and ‘mori’ makes the poem’s meaning and purpose ambiguous depending on the pronunciation, determining whether the structure is irregular or regular. Regular would suggest routine and that he wants the war to continue and irregular would suggest that he wants all wars to come to a halt. It could be interpreted that the last line does not rhyme as the metrical structure represents society and when Owen leaves iambic pentameter he is representing the breaking down of society like he feels it is not worth the effort to place the words within the proper metrical structure of his poem. Owen’s poem was aimed at individuals high in society who had the power to make a difference which is why it was written in Latin. The Latin phrase can also be changed and rearranged to make sense and mean exactly same like war itself. War can be changed but it will always be futile.

Rural Idyll and Social Exclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rural Idyll and Social Exclusion - Essay Example The images in the rural places provide the revelation of the kind of lifestyles by the people, cultures, the products and the entire environment of the rural places. The Link between Rural Idyll and Geographical Imagery The geographical imagery in the rural areas depict much about the rural people to include their productivity, economic activities, the climatic condition, weather and culture. The nature of the rural areas and the belief of being the related to poverty which consequently lead to the migration of the people t the cities intensifies social exclusion in the region. These define the bad image of the rural areas and the factor of de-motivation to involve the villagers, the poor people in the planning process of the country. The negative perception and the belief of incapability of the villages lead to social exclusion (Yarwood 12). The Concept of Rural Idyll and Social Exclusion Social exclusion involves the contemporary neglect of the rural people from the benefits and ex posing the people to disadvantages in the rural areas. This is as a result of the social class differences between the rural people and the city dwellers. The rural people are systematically blocked from rights, freedoms, opportunities and resources and these should present in order to enhance social integration between the people and the entire society. The geographical images in the rural; areas give them the classification of poor lifestyles by the urban dwellers. The exclusion of the rural people from the budgetary processes of the country will deny the society the opportunity to access the basic human wants in life (Philip and Mark 468). Rural Idyll and Low Income The negative point of view and belief leads to discrimination of the rural people. The urban elites, who are the planners and the directors of the major economic projects in the countries, look down upon the rural people with view of incapability and incompetence. The escalating rate of poverty is due to the relative low levels of affluence in the rural places, which ids contributed by the rural disadvantage posed by the development pilots in the regions. In the contemporary societies, the low levels of income in the rural areas are intensified with the need to own a car and meet the standards of the other people. This means that the rates of income are affected by the high living standards in the societies. The image of the rural areas put the villagers at the verge of poverty as their fate to access the full means of development are justified based on such measures (Carpenter, Belinda & Stuart 109). Poor or lack of services The neglect of the rural areas leads to discrimination that influences the supply of services to the people. Services to the people are determined majorly by the level of income that is usually low in these areas and therefore the services delivered are poor and of lower quality if not limited. The decline of services affects the poor and the elderly in the communities but in the rural areas it affects everybody. Poor services are directly linked with the poor access to channels and links to access these core servicers to the people. The lack of roads in the rural areas is linked with the focus to develop the urban areas neglecting the villages. The urban areas are given first priorities in everything to deal with the provision of development services and infrastructure (Yarwood 34). Rural Idyll Influences the Rate of

Risk and Return Relationships Analysis Coursework

Risk and Return Relationships Analysis - Coursework Example It is important for the small companies to go public and grow as the best investment is in small companies that will develop to become bigger and in the process create wealth and jobs. Worldwide competitions as well as improvements in technology have brought changes in the manner in which the exchanges have been operating. In the US, the NYSE is considered as the dominant exchange regardless of the fact that it used a people extensive auction system. The NYSE faces competitive pressure from the other exchanges to automate so that it can maintain and increase its global listings as well as leadership position. The operations of the NYSE involve a major physical presence on Wall Street while NASDAQ and the rest of the ECNs conduct their trade through computer networks that exist in the entire country. As far as the real estate industry in Baghdad is concerned, there are very limited signs of foreclosure and the industry keeps getting stronger making it the kind industry that is desired by the real estate agents of the United States (Dabrowska & Hann, 2008). The people who did not flee the country are looking for homes where they will start afresh making the nation become more of a real feeling than a dreamed feeling. The people no longer develop uneasy feelings and think that their lives are in danger and thus real estate agents are doing better as a result of the reduced violence and improvement in safety. Regardless of the fact that the war continues, there is a significant number of investors who are looking for homes as far as the real estate industry is concerned. In the case of Chicago, there are exceptional opportunities for real estate investments. Being the third biggest city in the US, Chicago’s economy is stable and the costs of real estate are only a fraction o f the prices that can be found in either Los Angeles or New York which are the only

President Ronald Reagans The Challenger Address Essay

President Ronald Reagans The Challenger Address - Essay Example It was a speech given in the White House to console a grieving nation after the loss of the astronauts in front of the world. As expected, the speech was emotionally charged with the President seeming apologetic to the general public. Of all the elements in rhetoric, pathos or emotional appeal were used heavily in the speech. The speech was literally peppered with words of consolation and gratitude in a hope to at least console a grieving nation. It was also a day consecrated for mourning as President Reagan uttered †Today is a day for mourning and remembering. The second paragraph resembles a logos in rhetoric or reasoning that such accidents comes with the job by citing a similar incident in the ground where three astronauts also perished. Perhaps this was an attempt to console the grieving families and the public in general that what happened was not entirely unnatural because similar accident also happened before thus making it more easier accept. This was craftily followed by the speech of remembrance that the nation was forever ingratitude with what they did beginning with citing each of the astronaut’s name and following with the emotionally charged statement such as Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace to impress to the audience that their death was not in vain.

Ferguson Case Study Essay Example for Free

Ferguson Case Study Essay Ferguson biggest reason for drop in income of 1980 was the cost of goods sold. It accounted for $2,568 (U. S. $millions) of cost and expenses on the income statement. The reason for this high cost of goods sold is because of the decline in value of the U. S. dollar in relation to other countries in which the firm was operating in. For instance a good majority of their product was made in England at a time when the pound was at an all-time high which made the cost of selling the good in the U. S. ollar extremely expensive to American firms. Also their operations in Germany were halted because they German mark was appreciating in value at the same time the United States dollar was depreciating which made it too hard to sell the products for Massey- Ferguson at a profit. 2. Massey- Ferguson market value of common stock at the end of the fiscal year of 1980 was 176. 9 million dollars. This number was much lower than its book value of equity because the market was unsure of the company’s ability to pay back its short and long term debt causing a plunge in its market value. The debt was being used to expand its operations before 1980 and because of this the book value of equity in the company was high because they had a lot of assets that they had purchased in the company’s growth period. 3. The Canadian government had a big incentive in helping to refinance Massey- Ferguson Company. They wanted to keep them operating in Canada because they provided a lot of jobs to Canada and because it was politically convenient because an election was about to take place. Another big reason was because Argus Company was invested in Massey – Ferguson and if they had to provide more cash for Massey- Ferguson to not go under they may scale back some of their growth and possibly lay people off or pursue other opportunities elsewhere so that cost of making their products is even lower than Canada. 4. It would be hard for Massey-Ferguson to pay down their debt by issuing equity because of the lack of new ways to pay for the new debt that they are acquiring. Many investors were already weary of the ability for Massey-Ferguson to become competitive again because of the massive amount of debt that they already had. Also borrowing more to pay the debt that is already owed is not a good strategy for reparining a decaying company. Furthermore they had failed to pierce the US market which provided a lot of new revenue and continued to fail at adjusting to foreign markets which were outperforming the US at the time making it hard for them to compete because of the exchange rate between the foreign country and the US firm.